portfolio-monitoring

Anthropic ｜ 金融與投資 ｜ 原文 ｜ Apache-2.0

對照預算追蹤投資組合公司的財報 KPI，標出差異和財務條款風險

---
name: portfolio-monitoring
description: 追蹤並分析投資組合公司相對於計畫的表現。讀取月／季財務資料包（Excel、PDF）、萃取 KPI、標出與預算的差異，並產出摘要儀表板。適用於檢視投資組合公司財報、準備董事會資料或監控財務條款（covenant）遵循狀況。觸發詞："review portfolio company"、"monthly financials"、"how is [company] performing"、"covenant check"、"portfolio update"。
---

# 投資組合監控

## 工作流程

### 步驟 1：讀取財務資料包

- 接收使用者提供的投資組合公司財務資料包（Excel 活頁簿、PDF 或 CSV）
- 萃取關鍵財務數字：營收、EBITDA、現金餘額、未償債務、資本支出、營運資金
- 辨識報告期間，並跟前一期和預算／計畫比較

### 步驟 2：KPI 萃取與差異分析

要追蹤的關鍵指標（依公司所屬產業調整）：

**財務 KPI：**
- 營收 vs. 預算（金額和 %）
- EBITDA 和 EBITDA 利潤率 vs. 預算
- 現金餘額和淨負債
- 槓桿比率（淨負債 / LTM EBITDA）
- 利息保障倍數
- 資本支出 vs. 預算
- 自由現金流

**營運 KPI**（問使用者，或從資料推斷）：
- 客戶數／每客戶營收
- 員工人數／每員工營收
- 積壓訂單（backlog）／銷售管道（pipeline）
- 流失率／留存率

### 步驟 3：標記與摘要

- **綠燈**：與計畫相差 5% 以內
- **黃燈**：低於計畫 5-15%，標出來討論
- **紅燈**：低於計畫 >15%，或有違反財務條款的風險，要立刻處理

輸出簡潔的摘要：
1. 一段話的執行摘要（"Company X is tracking [ahead/behind/on] plan..."）
2. KPI 表，列出實際 vs. 預算 vs. 前一期
3. 紅燈／黃燈的標記與背景說明
4. 財務條款遵循狀態（如適用）
5. 要問管理層的問題

### 步驟 4：趨勢分析

如果提供了多個期間：
- 把關鍵指標畫成隨時間變化的圖（營收、EBITDA、現金）
- 辨識趨勢：加速、減速或持平
- 跟投資時的底案（underwriting case）比較

## 重要注意事項

- 如果沒提供預算／計畫，一律先跟使用者要來當比較基準
- 不要自己假設產業專屬的 KPI，問清楚這家公司重視什麼
- 如果不知道財務條款的門檻，跟使用者要信貸合約的條件
- 輸出要能直接拿去給董事會看：簡潔、有事實、沒廢話

---
name: portfolio-monitoring
description: Track and analyze portfolio company performance against plan. Ingests monthly/quarterly financial packages (Excel, PDF), extracts KPIs, flags variances to budget, and produces summary dashboards. Use when reviewing portfolio company financials, preparing board materials, or monitoring covenant compliance. Triggers on "review portfolio company", "monthly financials", "how is [company] performing", "covenant check", or "portfolio update".
---

# Portfolio Monitoring

## Workflow

### Step 1: Ingest Financial Package

- Accept the user's portfolio company financial package (Excel workbook, PDF, or CSV)
- Extract key financials: Revenue, EBITDA, cash balance, debt outstanding, capex, working capital
- Identify the reporting period and compare to prior period and budget/plan

### Step 2: KPI Extraction & Variance Analysis

Key metrics to track (adapt to the company's sector):

**Financial KPIs:**
- Revenue vs. budget ($ and %)
- EBITDA and EBITDA margin vs. budget
- Cash balance and net debt
- Leverage ratio (Net Debt / LTM EBITDA)
- Interest coverage ratio
- Capex vs. budget
- Free cash flow

**Operational KPIs** (ask user or infer from data):
- Customer count / revenue per customer
- Employee headcount / revenue per employee
- Backlog / pipeline
- Churn / retention rates

### Step 3: Flag & Summarize

- **Green**: Within 5% of plan
- **Yellow**: 5-15% below plan — flag for discussion
- **Red**: >15% below plan or covenant breach risk — immediate attention

Output a concise summary:
1. One-paragraph executive summary ("Company X is tracking [ahead/behind/on] plan...")
2. KPI table with actual vs. budget vs. prior period
3. Red/yellow flags with context
4. Covenant compliance status (if applicable)
5. Questions for management

### Step 4: Trend Analysis

If multiple periods are provided:
- Chart key metrics over time (revenue, EBITDA, cash)
- Identify trends — accelerating, decelerating, or stable
- Compare vs. underwriting case

## Important Notes

- Always ask for the budget/plan to compare against if not provided
- Don't assume sector-specific KPIs — ask what matters for this company
- If covenant levels aren't known, ask the user for the credit agreement terms
- Output should be board-ready — concise, factual, no fluff