tw-startup-legal
帶你走完台灣公司登記,並比較行號、有限公司與股份有限公司
中文翻譯
---
name: "tw-startup-legal"
description: "引導台灣的公司登記與法律設立,包括事業組織類型選擇、商業登記、公司登記和統編申請。當使用者要在台灣創業、在行號與公司之間做選擇,或摸索登記流程時使用這個 skill,就算他們說的是「在台灣怎麼設立公司」、「登記流程是什麼」、「行號 vs 公司」或「我想創業」也一樣。"
metadata:
category: "WP-05 台灣創業"
tags: ["taiwan", "startup", "legal", "company-registration"]
---
# 台灣公司登記與法律設立
## 框架
```
IRON LAW: Entity Type Determines Everything Downstream
(鐵律:組織類型決定後面的一切)
行號(獨資)、有限公司和股份有限公司之間的選擇,
決定了:責任風險、稅務處理、募資能力和退場選項。
這個決定很難回頭,要依你 3-5 年的計畫來選,
不要只看今天哪個比較簡單。
```
### 組織類型比較
| 特性 | 行號(獨資) | 有限公司(LLC) | 股份有限公司(Corp) |
|---------|----------------|--------------|------------------|
| 責任 | 個人無限責任 | 以出資額為限 | 以出資額為限 |
| 最低資本額 | 無(但需要證明) | 無最低限制(2018 年起) | 無最低限制(2018 年起) |
| 股東 | 1 人 | 1 人以上(人數無上限) | 2 人以上(政府/法人股東可 1 人) |
| 募資 | 不能發行股份 | 有限(不能公開募集) | 可發行股份、可轉換票據、ESOP |
| 稅 | 個人綜合所得稅 | 營利事業所得稅 20% | 營利事業所得稅 20% |
| 最適合 | 自由工作者、副業專案 | 小團隊、生活型事業 | 成長型新創、尋求投資 |
### 登記流程(股份有限公司)
**階段 1:登記前(1-2 週)**
1. 選公司名稱 → 到經濟部公司名稱預查系統查詢(必須唯一)
2. 準備公司章程
3. 開設銀行專戶(籌備處帳戶)並存入資本額
4. 取得會計師資本額查核
**階段 2:公司登記(1-2 週)**
5. 向經濟部提交公司登記 → 取得統一編號
6. 向當地商業處辦理營業登記
7. 向國稅局辦理稅籍登記
8. 向勞保局辦理勞工保險(如果有僱用人員)
**階段 3:登記後(持續進行)**
9. 開設公司銀行帳戶(用統編)
10. 建立會計系統(帳冊)
11. 如果是 B2C,辦理電子發票(見 tw-einvoice-guide)
12. 申請相關許可(食品、醫療、金融服務有額外要求)
### 需要的關鍵文件
| 文件 | 用途 | 從哪取得 |
|----------|---------|-------------|
| 公司章程 | 定義公司結構與規則 | 請律師草擬或使用範本 |
| 股東同意書 | 股東同意設立 | 由所有股東簽署 |
| 董事願任同意書 | 董事接受任命 | 由董事簽署 |
| 會計師資本額查核報告 | 資本額查核 | 會計師事務所 |
| 公司設立登記表 | 登記申請 | 經濟部網站 |
### 常見的新創法律事項
| 事項 | 何時 | 預估成本 |
|------|------|---------------|
| 公司登記 | 第 1 天 | NT$5K-15K(自己辦)或 NT$15K-30K(委託會計師) |
| 商標註冊(TIPO) | 前 3 個月內 | 規費 NT$3K + 如果用代理人 NT$10K-20K |
| 僱傭契約範本 | 第一次僱人之前 | NT$5K-15K(律師草擬) |
| 隱私權政策(個資法合規) | 蒐集使用者資料之前 | NT$5K-10K(律師草擬) |
| 股東協議 | 接受投資之前 | NT$20K-50K(律師草擬) |
## 輸出格式
```markdown
# Taiwan Startup Legal Checklist: {Company Name}
## Entity Selection
- Recommended type: {行號 / 有限公司 / 股份有限公司}
- Rationale: {why this fits the user's situation}
## Registration Checklist
- [ ] Company name pre-check (經濟部)
- [ ] Articles of Incorporation drafted
- [ ] Capital deposited + CPA verification
- [ ] Company registration (統編 obtained)
- [ ] Tax registration (國稅局)
- [ ] Labor insurance registration (if hiring)
- [ ] Business bank account opened
## Estimated Timeline & Cost
| Step | Timeline | Cost |
|------|----------|------|
| {step} | {days/weeks} | NT${X} |
## Next Steps
1. {immediate action}
```
## 常見陷阱
- **統一編號就是你的身分**:8 位數的統編什麼都要用,像是報稅、開發票、簽契約、開銀行帳戶。先拿到它,再設定其他所有東西。
- **資本額查核是一次性的檢查**:會計師在登記時查核資本額。之後這筆錢就能用於營運,不需要一直放在銀行裡。
- **外國創辦人**:非中華民國國民可以登記公司,但需要居留證(ARC)或永久居留證(APRC),而且還有額外的經濟部投資審查要求。
- **地址很重要**:登記地址決定了你要面對哪個稅務機關。使用虛擬辦公室是合法的,但可能會招來更多審查。
- **這是教育性質的指引,不是法律建議**:台灣公司法很複雜。具體情況請諮詢有執照的會計師或律師。
## 參考資料
- 登記後的稅務義務,見 tw-tax-basics skill
- 電子發票設定,見 tw-einvoice-guide skill英文原文
---
name: "tw-startup-legal"
description: "Guide Taiwan company registration and legal setup including business entity selection, commercial registration, company registration, and tax ID application. Use this skill when the user is starting a business in Taiwan, choosing between sole proprietorship and company, or navigating the registration process — even if they say 'how do I set up a company in Taiwan', 'what's the registration process', 'sole proprietorship vs company', or 'I want to start a business'."
metadata:
category: "WP-05 台灣創業"
tags: ["taiwan", "startup", "legal", "company-registration"]
---
# Taiwan Company Registration & Legal Setup
## Framework
```
IRON LAW: Entity Type Determines Everything Downstream
The choice between 行號 (sole proprietorship), 有限公司, and 股份有限公司
determines: liability exposure, tax treatment, fundraising ability, and
exit options. This decision is hard to reverse — choose based on your
3-5 year plan, not just today's simplicity.
```
### Entity Type Comparison
| Feature | 行號 (Sole Prop) | 有限公司 (LLC) | 股份有限公司 (Corp) |
|---------|----------------|--------------|------------------|
| Liability | Unlimited personal | Limited to capital | Limited to capital |
| Min. capital | None (but need proof) | No minimum (since 2018) | No minimum (since 2018) |
| Shareholders | 1 person | 1+ (max no limit) | 2+ (or 1 for gov't/corp shareholder) |
| Fundraising | Cannot issue shares | Limited (no public offering) | Can issue shares, convertible notes, ESOP |
| Tax | Personal income tax | Corporate tax 20% | Corporate tax 20% |
| Best for | Freelancers, side projects | Small teams, lifestyle businesses | Growth startups, seeking investment |
### Registration Process (股份有限公司)
**Phase 1: Pre-Registration (1-2 weeks)**
1. Choose company name → search on 經濟部公司名稱預查系統 (must be unique)
2. Prepare Articles of Incorporation (公司章程)
3. Open a bank escrow account (籌備處帳戶) and deposit capital
4. Obtain capital verification from CPA (會計師資本額查核)
**Phase 2: Company Registration (1-2 weeks)**
5. Submit to 經濟部 (MOEA) for company registration → get 統一編號 (Tax ID)
6. Register with local 商業處 for business registration
7. Register with 國稅局 for tax filing obligations
8. Register with 勞保局 for labor insurance (if hiring)
**Phase 3: Post-Registration (ongoing)**
9. Open company bank account (with 統編)
10. Set up accounting system (帳冊)
11. Register for e-invoice if B2C (see tw-einvoice-guide)
12. Apply for relevant permits (food, medical, financial services have additional requirements)
### Key Documents Needed
| Document | Purpose | Where to Get |
|----------|---------|-------------|
| 公司章程 (Articles) | Defines company structure, rules | Draft with lawyer or use template |
| 股東同意書 | Shareholder consent for formation | Signed by all shareholders |
| 董事願任同意書 | Director acceptance | Signed by directors |
| 會計師資本額查核報告 | Capital verification | CPA firm |
| 公司設立登記表 | Registration application | 經濟部 website |
### Common Startup Legal Tasks
| Task | When | Estimated Cost |
|------|------|---------------|
| Company registration | Day 1 | NT$5K-15K (DIY) or NT$15K-30K (via accountant) |
| Trademark registration (TIPO) | Within first 3 months | NT$3K filing fee + NT$10K-20K if using agent |
| Employment contract template | Before first hire | NT$5K-15K (lawyer draft) |
| Privacy policy (PDPA compliance) | Before collecting user data | NT$5K-10K (lawyer draft) |
| Shareholder agreement | Before accepting investment | NT$20K-50K (lawyer draft) |
## Output Format
```markdown
# Taiwan Startup Legal Checklist: {Company Name}
## Entity Selection
- Recommended type: {行號 / 有限公司 / 股份有限公司}
- Rationale: {why this fits the user's situation}
## Registration Checklist
- [ ] Company name pre-check (經濟部)
- [ ] Articles of Incorporation drafted
- [ ] Capital deposited + CPA verification
- [ ] Company registration (統編 obtained)
- [ ] Tax registration (國稅局)
- [ ] Labor insurance registration (if hiring)
- [ ] Business bank account opened
## Estimated Timeline & Cost
| Step | Timeline | Cost |
|------|----------|------|
| {step} | {days/weeks} | NT${X} |
## Next Steps
1. {immediate action}
```
## Gotchas
- **統一編號 is your identity**: The 8-digit 統編 is used for everything — tax filing, invoicing, contracts, bank accounts. Get it first, then set up everything else.
- **Capital verification is a one-time check**: CPA verifies capital at registration. After that, the money can be used for business operations. You don't need to keep it sitting in the bank.
- **Foreign founders**: Non-ROC nationals can register companies but need an ARC (居留證) or APRC, and there are additional MOEA investment approval requirements.
- **Address matters**: The registered address determines which tax office you deal with. Using a virtual office is legal but may trigger more scrutiny.
- **This is educational guidance, not legal advice**: Taiwan company law is complex. Consult a licensed accountant (會計師) or lawyer (律師) for specific situations.
## References
- For tax obligations after registration, see the tw-tax-basics skill
- For e-invoice setup, see the tw-einvoice-guide skill