resume-cover-letter

jezweb ｜ 個人與生活 ｜ 原文 ｜ MIT

依目標職缺量身寫履歷和求職信，含各地區格式與 ATS 排版

---
name: resume-cover-letter
description: "撰寫針對特定職位量身打造的履歷 / CV 或求職信。處理各地區的格式差異（澳洲/紐西蘭、美國、英國）、對 ATS 友善的排版、以成就為主的條列，以及求職信結構。只要使用者提到求職申請、履歷、CV、求職信、職涯文件、應徵職位，或需要針對特定工作包裝自己的經歷，就用這個 skill。"
---

# 履歷與求職信撰寫

產出求職文件：履歷/CV、求職信，或兩者都要。每份產出都針對特定公司的特定職位量身打造，泛用的文件沒有用。

## 開始之前

蒐集這些輸入。缺什麼就問：

1. **目標職位**：職稱、公司名稱，以及職缺說明或描述（貼上或給 URL）
2. **模式**："resume"、"cover-letter" 或 "both"
3. **地區**：澳洲/紐西蘭、美國或英國（會影響格式、用詞、長度的期待）
4. **求職者背景**：目前的職位、年資、關鍵技能、學歷、職涯亮點
5. **特殊情況**（如果有）：轉職、空窗期、資歷過高、資歷不足、簽證/搬遷

如果使用者提供了職缺說明，就擷取關鍵要求，並讓所有內容都配合它們。技能和職責的用語，要沿用職缺說明裡的用法。

---

## 履歷 / CV

### 各地區的格式差異

| 項目 | 澳洲/紐西蘭 | 美國 | 英國 |
|---------|-------|----|----|
| 名稱 | CV 或 resume（兩者都接受） | Resume | CV |
| 長度 | 標準 2-3 頁 | 1 頁（年資 <10 年），最多 2 頁 | 標準 2 頁 |
| 照片 | 不放 | 不放 | 不放 |
| 出生日期 / 年齡 | 不放 | 不放 | 不放 |
| 國籍 / 簽證 | 相關的話要放（在澳洲/紐西蘭很常見） | 不放（有歧視風險） | 適用的話放簽證狀態 |
| 推薦人 | 「Available on request」已過時，整個省略，或在被特別要求時列 2 位 | 省略 | 省略 |
| 地址 | 只放城市/州（不放街道） | 只放城市/州 | 只放城市 |

### 章節順序

依資歷和最能推銷求職者的重點調整：

**初階 / 應屆（0-3 年）：**
1. 聯絡資料
2. 專業摘要（3-4 行）
3. 學歷
4. 經歷（實習、兼職、志工）
5. 技能
6. 證照 / 專案

**中階（3-10 年）：**
1. 聯絡資料
2. 專業摘要
3. 經歷
4. 技能
5. 學歷
6. 證照

**資深 / 高階主管（10 年以上）：**
1. 聯絡資料
2. 高階主管摘要
3. 主要成就（選用的亮點區塊）
4. 經歷
5. 董事會 / 顧問角色（如適用）
6. 學歷
7. 專業會員資格

### 撰寫成就條列

用 CAR 格式：**Challenge**（背景/問題）、**Action**（你做了什麼）、**Result**（可衡量的成果）。

每一條都應該回答：「所以呢？因為這件事，有什麼改變？」

**太籠統：**
> 管理公司的社群媒體帳號並製作內容。

**對的做法（CAR）：**
> 為一個停滯的 B2B 帳號重建社群媒體策略（Challenge），從以產品為主的貼文，轉為搭配固定每週發布時程的客戶案例（Action），讓 LinkedIn 互動成長 340%，並在第一季產出 12 個合格潛在客戶（Result）。

不是每一條都需要硬數字，但至少 60% 的條列要包含可衡量的成果。可接受的成果類型：
- 百分比（增加、減少、改善了 X%）
- 金額（管理 $X 預算、省下 $X、創造 $X 營收）
- 量/規模（X 人的團隊、X 位使用者、每天 X 筆交易）
- 時間（從 X 週縮短到 Y 天、提早 2 週交付）
- 排名/評分（達到第 1 名、評分 4.8/5、前 10%）

當使用者沒有具體數字時，問他能不能估算。不行的話，就用定性的成果："significantly reduced"、"consistently exceeded targets"、"recognised by leadership for"。

### 動作動詞

選擇符合貢獻類型的動詞：

| 類別 | 動詞 |
|----------|-------|
| 領導 | Led, directed, managed, oversaw, mentored, championed, established |
| 創造 | Developed, designed, built, launched, created, implemented, introduced |
| 改善 | Increased, improved, streamlined, optimised, reduced, enhanced, modernised |
| 分析 | Analysed, evaluated, assessed, identified, researched, investigated |
| 溝通 | Presented, negotiated, facilitated, coordinated, advised, authored |
| 技術 | Engineered, automated, configured, deployed, integrated, migrated, architected |

避免軟弱的開頭："Responsible for"、"Helped with"、"Assisted in"、"Involved in"、"Participated in"。這些描述的是「在附近」，不是貢獻。

### 對 ATS 友善的排版

Applicant Tracking System（ATS）會在真人看到之前先解析履歷。遵守這些規則：

- 用標準的章節標題："Experience"、"Education"、"Skills"，不要用有創意的替代寫法，像 "Where I've Made an Impact"
- 不要用表格、多欄或文字方塊：ATS 是從左到右、從上到下讀取
- 不要用頁首或頁尾：ATS 常常整個忽略它們
- 不要用圖片、圖示或圖形
- 用標準字型（Calibri、Arial、Garamond、Georgia）
- 檔案格式：用 PDF，除非職缺特別要求 .docx
- 把職缺說明裡的關鍵字自然地放進脈絡中，不要塞在一個隱藏區塊裡堆關鍵字
- 縮寫第一次出現時要寫全名，之後再縮寫："Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)"

### 該省略什麼

- 「References available upon request」：本來就是預設，而且浪費空間
- 求職目標：早就被專業摘要取代了
- 從高中起的每一份工作：只放相關的職位（最近 10-15 年）
- 高中學歷（如果你有學位）
- 興趣/嗜好：除非和職位或文化直接相關
- 期望薪資：絕對不要放在履歷本身
- 離開前一份工作的原因

### 專業摘要

放在最上面的 3-4 行。不是個性描述，而是定位宣言。

**太模糊：**
> 積極進取、溝通能力強、對科技充滿熱情的專業人士，尋求具挑戰性的職位。

**對的做法：**
> 在中型零售商的物流與供應鏈領域有 8 年經驗的營運經理。有降低履約成本的實績（現職削減 22%），同時維持 99.4% 的準時送達率。希望把這份營運紀律帶到高成長的電商環境。

公式：[角色身分] + [年資/領域] + [代表性成就或強項] + [你在找什麼]。

---

## 求職信

### 結構

三到四段，不超過一頁。每一段都要有存在的理由。

**第 1 段：開場引子：**
為什麼是這個職位、為什麼是現在、為什麼你會注意到。引用公司或職位的某個具體細節。不要寫「I am writing to express my interest in the position of...」，那是求職申請中最浪費的一句話。

**第 2 段：為什麼是你（契合度）：**
兩到三個具體例子，說明你的經歷如何對應他們的要求。這不是履歷摘要：挑兩個最強的對應點，簡短給背景。使用職缺說明裡的用語。

**第 3 段：為什麼是這家公司（適配度）：**
展現你做過功課。引用他們的產品、使命、近期新聞、公司文化或某個具體專案。說明為什麼這對你個人很重要。泛泛的恭維（「I admire your innovative approach」）不算數。

**第 4 段：收尾：**
清楚的行動呼籲。「I'd welcome the chance to discuss how my experience in X could support your team's work on Y. I'm available for a conversation at your convenience.」要自信，不要顯得渴求。

### 長度與格式

- 一律不超過一頁
- 頁首/字型跟履歷一致，維持視覺統一
- 盡可能寫給具名的人（查 LinkedIn、公司網站）。實在不行才用 "Dear Hiring Manager"
- 澳洲/紐西蘭：用 "Kind regards" 結尾（提案/申請），語氣隨性的話用 "Cheers"
- 美國/英國："Sincerely" 或 "Kind regards"

### 語氣配合

讀職缺說明和公司網站來校準語氣：

| 公司類型 | 語氣 | 範例用語 |
|-------------|------|-------------------|
| 新創 / 科技 | 對話式、直接 | "I've spent the last 3 years building exactly this kind of thing" |
| 企業 / 大型企業 | 專業、沉穩 | "My experience in enterprise integration aligns closely with your stated objectives" |
| 政府 / 公部門 | 正式、以條件為導向 | "I address each of the key selection criteria below" |
| 創意代理商 | 以個性為先 | "Your work on the X campaign is what made me pay attention" |
| 非營利 | 與使命契合 | "I've followed your work in X for several years and share your commitment to Y" |

### 常見錯誤

- **重複履歷。** 求職信補充的是脈絡和個性，不是重複條列的內容。
- **泛泛的開場。**「I am excited to apply for...」什麼都沒告訴讀者。要用具體的事開場。
- **沒有提到公司。** 如果同一封信你可以寄給 50 家公司，那就太泛了。
- **低估或高估自己。** 事實地說明你做過什麼。不要說「I'm the perfect candidate」，也不要說「I know I don't have much experience but...」
- **把重點藏起來。** 如果你和這個職位有直接的連結（你用他們的產品、你認識那裡的人、你有深厚的領域專長），第一行就要說。

### 求職信範例

**太泛：**
> Dear Hiring Manager,
>
> I am writing to express my interest in the Marketing Manager position. I have 5 years of marketing experience and am a strong communicator with excellent organisational skills. I believe I would be a great addition to your team.

**對的做法：**
> Hi Sarah,
>
> Your job listing mentioned you are looking for someone to rebuild the content strategy from the ground up — that is exactly what I did at Redgum Digital over the past two years, taking their blog from 400 monthly visitors to 12,000 and making it their primary lead channel.
>
> The two things that stood out in the listing were the focus on SEO-driven content and the need to work closely with the sales team on case studies. At Redgum, I built both of those functions: a keyword-driven editorial calendar that targeted commercial intent terms, and a case study pipeline where I partnered with account managers to document client wins monthly. Five of those case studies became our top-converting landing pages.
>
> I have been following [Company]'s expansion into the SME market since the product launch in October. The positioning challenge — making enterprise-grade software feel approachable for smaller teams — is something I find genuinely interesting, and it is the kind of messaging work I do best.
>
> I would welcome the chance to talk through how I could help build out your content operation. Happy to chat whenever suits.

---

## 特殊情況

### 轉職者

以可遷移的技能為主，不要以職稱為主。專業摘要要把落差銜接起來：「Project manager transitioning from construction to software delivery — 6 years of managing cross-functional teams, budgets, and tight deadlines.」強調能直接轉換的技能。

### 就業空窗期

不要隱藏，也不要在日期上耍花招。如果有空窗，在求職信裡簡短說明（照顧家人、進修、旅行、健康，一句話就夠）。履歷上，列出空窗期間任何相關的活動：接案、志工、課程、個人專案。

### 資歷過高

求職信必須回答那個明顯的問題：「你為什麼想要這個職位？」直接說明你的動機。為了工作與生活平衡而縮減、轉進新領域、真心對這家公司有興趣，不管是什麼原因，都要講出來。

### 資歷不足

聚焦在相近的經驗和學習速度。展現你在較小的規模或不同的脈絡下做過類似的事。求職信要誠實地承認這是個跨度，同時證明你以前也補過類似的差距。

### 在同一家公司擔任多個職位

公司只列一次，每個職位當作子項目，清楚呈現晉升的軌跡。這能傳達成長與忠誠。

---

## 輸出格式

以乾淨的 markdown 交付文件。如果使用者需要排版好的檔案，提議建立 .md 或 .txt，讓他們貼到偏好的工具（Google Docs、Word、Canva）。不要嘗試直接產生 .docx 或 .pdf 檔案。

「both」模式下，在同一個回覆中先給履歷，再給求職信。

---
name: resume-cover-letter
description: "Write a resume / CV or cover letter tailored to a specific role. Handles regional format differences (AU/NZ, US, UK), ATS-friendly formatting, achievement-focused bullets, and cover letter structure. Use whenever the user mentions a job application, resume, CV, cover letter, career document, applying for a role, or needs help framing their experience for a specific job."
---

# Resume and Cover Letter Writer

Produces job application documents: a resume/CV, a cover letter, or both. Every output is tailored to a specific role at a specific company — generic documents are not useful.

## Before You Start

Gather these inputs. Ask for anything missing:

1. **Target role** — job title, company name, and the job listing or description (paste or URL)
2. **Mode** — "resume", "cover-letter", or "both"
3. **Region** — AU/NZ, US, or UK (affects format, terminology, length expectations)
4. **Candidate background** — current role, years of experience, key skills, education, career highlights
5. **Special circumstances** (if any) — career change, employment gap, overqualified, underqualified, visa/relocation

If the user provides a job listing, extract the key requirements and tailor everything to match them. Mirror the language the listing uses for skills and responsibilities.

---

## Resume / CV

### Regional Format Differences

| Element | AU/NZ | US | UK |
|---------|-------|----|----|
| Name | CV or resume (both accepted) | Resume | CV |
| Length | 2-3 pages standard | 1 page (<10 years exp), 2 max | 2 pages standard |
| Photo | No | No | No |
| Date of birth / age | No | No | No |
| Nationality / visa | Include if relevant (common in AU/NZ) | No (discrimination risk) | Include visa status if applicable |
| Referees | "Available on request" is outdated — omit entirely, or list 2 if specifically requested | Omit | Omit |
| Address | City/state only (no street) | City/state only | City only |

### Section Order

Adjust based on seniority and what sells the candidate best:

**Entry-level / graduate (0-3 years):**
1. Contact details
2. Professional summary (3-4 lines)
3. Education
4. Experience (internships, part-time, volunteer)
5. Skills
6. Certifications / projects

**Mid-career (3-10 years):**
1. Contact details
2. Professional summary
3. Experience
4. Skills
5. Education
6. Certifications

**Senior / executive (10+ years):**
1. Contact details
2. Executive summary
3. Key achievements (optional highlight section)
4. Experience
5. Board / advisory roles (if applicable)
6. Education
7. Professional memberships

### Writing Achievement Bullets

Use CAR format: **Challenge** (context/problem), **Action** (what you did), **Result** (measurable outcome).

Every bullet should answer: "So what? What changed because of this?"

**Too generic:**
> Managed social media accounts and created content for the company.

**Right approach (CAR):**
> Rebuilt the social media strategy for a stagnant B2B account (Challenge), shifting from product-focused posts to customer case studies with a consistent weekly publishing schedule (Action), growing LinkedIn engagement 340% and generating 12 qualified leads in the first quarter (Result).

Not every bullet needs hard numbers, but aim for at least 60% of bullets to include a measurable result. Acceptable result types:
- Percentages (increased, reduced, improved by X%)
- Dollar amounts (managed $X budget, saved $X, generated $X revenue)
- Volume/scale (team of X, X users, X transactions per day)
- Time (reduced from X weeks to Y days, delivered 2 weeks ahead of schedule)
- Rankings/ratings (achieved #1, rated 4.8/5, top 10%)

When the user does not have specific numbers, ask if they can estimate. If not, use qualitative results: "significantly reduced", "consistently exceeded targets", "recognised by leadership for".

### Action Verbs

Choose verbs that match the type of contribution:

| Category | Verbs |
|----------|-------|
| Leadership | Led, directed, managed, oversaw, mentored, championed, established |
| Creation | Developed, designed, built, launched, created, implemented, introduced |
| Improvement | Increased, improved, streamlined, optimised, reduced, enhanced, modernised |
| Analysis | Analysed, evaluated, assessed, identified, researched, investigated |
| Communication | Presented, negotiated, facilitated, coordinated, advised, authored |
| Technical | Engineered, automated, configured, deployed, integrated, migrated, architected |

Avoid weak openers: "Responsible for", "Helped with", "Assisted in", "Involved in", "Participated in". These describe proximity, not contribution.

### ATS-Friendly Formatting

Applicant Tracking Systems parse resumes before humans see them. Follow these rules:

- Use standard section headings: "Experience", "Education", "Skills" — not creative alternatives like "Where I've Made an Impact"
- No tables, columns, or text boxes — ATS reads left-to-right, top-to-bottom
- No headers or footers — ATS often ignores these entirely
- No images, icons, or graphics
- Use standard fonts (Calibri, Arial, Garamond, Georgia)
- File format: PDF unless the listing specifically requests .docx
- Include keywords from the job listing naturally in context — not keyword-stuffed in a hidden block
- Spell out acronyms on first use, then abbreviate: "Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)"

### What to Omit

- "References available upon request" — assumed and wastes space
- Objective statements — replaced by professional summaries years ago
- Every job since high school — include only relevant roles (last 10-15 years)
- High school education (if you have a degree)
- Hobbies/interests — unless directly relevant to the role or culture
- Salary expectations — never on the resume itself
- Reasons for leaving previous roles

### Professional Summary

3-4 lines at the top. Not a personality description — a positioning statement.

**Too vague:**
> Motivated professional with strong communication skills and a passion for technology seeking a challenging role.

**Right approach:**
> Operations manager with 8 years in logistics and supply chain for mid-market retailers. Track record of reducing fulfilment costs (cut 22% at current role) while maintaining 99.4% on-time delivery. Looking to bring that operational discipline to a high-growth e-commerce environment.

Formula: [Role identity] + [years/domain] + [signature achievement or strength] + [what you're looking for].

---

## Cover Letter

### Structure

Three to four paragraphs, under one page. Every paragraph earns its place.

**Paragraph 1 — Opening hook:**
Why this role, why now, why you noticed. Reference something specific about the company or role. No "I am writing to express my interest in the position of..." — that is the most wasted sentence in job applications.

**Paragraph 2 — Why you (the match):**
Two to three specific examples of how your experience maps to their requirements. This is not a resume summary — pick the two strongest matches and give brief context. Use language from the job listing.

**Paragraph 3 — Why this company (the fit):**
Show you have done your homework. Reference their product, mission, recent news, company culture, or a specific project. Explain why this matters to you personally. Generic flattery ("I admire your innovative approach") does not count.

**Paragraph 4 — Close:**
Clear call to action. "I'd welcome the chance to discuss how my experience in X could support your team's work on Y. I'm available for a conversation at your convenience." Confident, not desperate.

### Length and Format

- Under one page, always
- Same header/font as the resume for visual consistency
- Address to a named person where possible (check LinkedIn, company website). "Dear Hiring Manager" as a last resort
- AU/NZ: sign off with "Kind regards" (proposals/applications) or "Cheers" (if tone is casual)
- US/UK: "Sincerely" or "Kind regards"

### Tone Matching

Read the job listing and company website to calibrate tone:

| Company type | Tone | Example phrasing |
|-------------|------|-------------------|
| Startup / tech | Conversational, direct | "I've spent the last 3 years building exactly this kind of thing" |
| Corporate / enterprise | Professional, measured | "My experience in enterprise integration aligns closely with your stated objectives" |
| Government / public sector | Formal, criteria-driven | "I address each of the key selection criteria below" |
| Creative agency | Personality forward | "Your work on the X campaign is what made me pay attention" |
| Non-profit | Mission-aligned | "I've followed your work in X for several years and share your commitment to Y" |

### Common Mistakes

- **Rehashing the resume.** The cover letter adds context and personality — it does not repeat bullet points.
- **Generic openings.** "I am excited to apply for..." tells the reader nothing. Open with something specific.
- **No company reference.** If you could send the same letter to 50 companies, it is too generic.
- **Underselling or overselling.** State what you have done, factually. No "I'm the perfect candidate" and no "I know I don't have much experience but..."
- **Burying the lead.** If you have a direct connection to the role (you use their product, you know someone there, you have deep domain expertise), say it in the first line.

### Cover Letter Example

**Too generic:**
> Dear Hiring Manager,
>
> I am writing to express my interest in the Marketing Manager position. I have 5 years of marketing experience and am a strong communicator with excellent organisational skills. I believe I would be a great addition to your team.

**Right approach:**
> Hi Sarah,
>
> Your job listing mentioned you are looking for someone to rebuild the content strategy from the ground up — that is exactly what I did at Redgum Digital over the past two years, taking their blog from 400 monthly visitors to 12,000 and making it their primary lead channel.
>
> The two things that stood out in the listing were the focus on SEO-driven content and the need to work closely with the sales team on case studies. At Redgum, I built both of those functions: a keyword-driven editorial calendar that targeted commercial intent terms, and a case study pipeline where I partnered with account managers to document client wins monthly. Five of those case studies became our top-converting landing pages.
>
> I have been following [Company]'s expansion into the SME market since the product launch in October. The positioning challenge — making enterprise-grade software feel approachable for smaller teams — is something I find genuinely interesting, and it is the kind of messaging work I do best.
>
> I would welcome the chance to talk through how I could help build out your content operation. Happy to chat whenever suits.

---

## Special Circumstances

### Career changers

Lead with transferable skills, not job titles. The professional summary should bridge the gap: "Project manager transitioning from construction to software delivery — 6 years of managing cross-functional teams, budgets, and tight deadlines." Emphasise skills that translate directly.

### Employment gaps

Do not hide them or get creative with dates. If there is a gap, briefly explain it in the cover letter (caring responsibilities, study, travel, health — one sentence is enough). On the resume, list any relevant activity during the gap: freelance work, volunteering, courses, personal projects.

### Overqualified

The cover letter must address the obvious question: "Why do you want this role?" Be direct about your motivation. Scaling back for work-life balance, pivoting into a new area, genuinely interested in the company — whatever the reason, name it.

### Underqualified

Focus on adjacent experience and learning velocity. Show you have done something similar at a smaller scale or in a different context. The cover letter should acknowledge the stretch honestly while demonstrating you have closed similar gaps before.

### Multiple roles at the same company

List the company once with each role as a sub-entry showing clear progression. This signals growth and loyalty.

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## Output Format

Deliver the document as clean markdown. If the user needs a formatted file, offer to create it as a .md or .txt that they can paste into their preferred tool (Google Docs, Word, Canva). Do not attempt to generate .docx or .pdf files directly.

For "both" mode, deliver the resume first, then the cover letter, in the same response.